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Exterior Lighting
Light pollution is excess or obtrusive light created by humans. Among other effects, it causes adverse health effects, obscures stars to city dwellers, interferes with astronomical observatories, wastes energy and disrupts ecosystems. more...
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Light pollution can be construed to have two main branches: (a) annoying light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low light setting and (b) excessive light, generally indoors, that leads to worker discomfort and adverse health effects. Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the amount of light pollution.
Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. It comes from sources such as building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and lit sporting venues. It is most severe in the highly industrialised, densely populated areas of the United States, Europe, and Japan, but even relatively small amounts of light can be noticed and create problems.
With recent advances in private spaceflight, the prospect of space-based orbiting billboards appearing in the near future has provoked concern that such objects may become another form of light pollution. With this in mind, the United States Federal Aviation Administration sought permission, in May 2005, to enforce a law prohibiting "obtrusive" advertising in earth orbit . Similar intentions are yet to be expressed by authorities in most other countries, however.
Light pollution as a problem
"Light pollution" (also known as photopollution, luminous pollution) refers to light that people find annoying, wasteful or harmful. Some skeptics claim that light pollution has little residual effect, because it does not leave remnant damage to the environment as do air pollution, water pollution and soil contamination.
Campaigners wishing to reduce light pollution, however, reason that it is unrealistic to expect populations to ever switch off light en-masse, due to industrial society's economic reliance on artificial light. They posit that light pollution is a problem similar to traditional forms of pollution, where established trends in society have long term negative effects. Energy conservation advocates contend that light pollution must be addressed by changing the habits of society, so that lighting is used more efficiently, with less waste and less creation of unwanted or unneeded illumination. The case against light pollution is strengthened by a range of studies on health effects, suggesting that excess light may induce loss in visual acuity, hypertension, headaches and increased incidence of carcinoma.
Several industry groups also recognise light pollution as an important issue. For example, the Institution of Lighting Engineers in the United Kingdom provides information for its members about light pollution, the problems it causes, and how to reduce its impacts.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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